Cervical, Whiplash - Medical Research Abstracts - Causation

10. AUTHOR	Kortschot-H-W, Oosterveld-W-J.
INSTITUTION	Academisch Medisch Centrum, Poliklinik fur Vestibulare Erkrankungen, Amsterdam.
TITLE	(Otoneurologic disorders after cervical whiplash trauma). TT Otoneurologische Storungen nach HWS-Schleudertrauma.
SOURCE	Orthopade 1994 Aug, VOL: 23 (4), P: 275-7, ISSN: 0085-4350.
ABSTRACT	An extensive vestibular examination was conducted in 462 patients suffering from the after-effects of a cervical whiplash trauma. Vertigo and dizziness were mentioned by 318 (68%) of the subjects, among a variety of other complaints. The examination revealed the existence of central-vestibular lesions in 258 (56%) of the patients. Author.
11. AUTHOR	Kronn-E.
INSTITUTION	Physiotherapy Department, The Mater Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
TITLE	The incidence of TMJ dysfunction in patients who have suffered a cervical whiplash injury following a traffic accident (published erratum appears in J Orofacial Pain 1993 Summer; 7(3):234).
SOURCE	J-Orofac-Pain 1993 Spring, VOL: 7 (2), P: 209-13, ISSN: 1064-6655.
ABSTRACT	Forty consecutive patients with a cervical whiplash injury were examined and compared with 40 matched controls. The incidence of signs and symptoms was high in both groups. Temporomandibular joint pain (P < .001), limitation of mouth opening (P < .01), and masticatory muscle tenderness (P > .01) were found significantly more frequently in the patient group, while the presence of joint sounds, deviation during mouth opening, and the overall presence of a symptom were not significantly different between groups. When asked whether they would seek treatment for the observed signs and symptoms, a significantly higher number of the whiplash group responded positively when compared to the control group. These findings warrant further study and suggest the benefit of a routine examination of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory system in patients with cervical whiplash injury. Author.
12. AUTHOR	Byrn-C, Olsson-I, Falkheden-L, Lindh-M, Hosterey-U, Fogelberg-M, Linder-L-E, Bunketorp-O.
INSTITUTION	Department of Anaesthesia, Sahlgrenska Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
TITLE	Subcutaneous sterile water injections for chronic neck and shoulder pain following whiplash injuries (see comments).
SOURCE	Lancet 1993 Feb 20, VOL: 341 (8843), P: 449-52, ISSN: 0140-6736.
CM	Comment in: Lancet 1993 Feb 20; 341(8843):470; Comment in: Lancet 1993 Apr 3; 341(8849):905.
ABSTRACT	In many cases of whiplash injury symptoms persist and do not respond to treatment. There is uncontrolled evidence to suggest that intracutaneous injections of sterile water might help. Since that route may be unacceptable to patients the subcutaneous route is used in the randomised trial reported here. 40 patients with whiplash syndrome, mean age 46 years (24-73) were given subcutaneous injections of 0.3-0.5 ml sterile water or saline over tender and trigger points in the neck and shoulder. A maximum of three treatments were given during the first two months of the study and the patients were followed up for 8 months. The accidents had occurred 4-6 years previously. X-ray examinations revealed no traumatic spinal lesions. Neck mobility and pain levels were evaluated by a physiotherapist immediately before and after the first treatment and after 1, 3, and 8 months. After 3 months, the mean total mobility of the cervical spine had increased by 39 degrees in the sterile water group and 6 degrees in the saline group (p < 0.05). Minimum and maximum levels of pain in the weeks just before treatment were evaluated by a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10. After 3 months the minimum pain level had fallen from 2.2 to 1.4 in the sterile water group but was not reduced in the saline group (p < 0.02); the maximum had fallen from 8.1 to 3.8 in the sterile water group and from 8.3 to 7.5 in the saline group (p < 0.001). After 3 months, 19 of 20 patients in the sterile water group assessed their condition as generally improved but only 6 in the saline group felt that they had got better. After 8 months there were still significant differences for minimum pain score and for mobility but not for maximum pain or for self-assessment of improvement. Author.
13. AUTHOR	Hamer-A-J, Gargan-M-F, Bannister-G-C, Nelson-R-J.
INSTITUTION	Department of Neurosurgery, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK.
TITLE	Whiplash injury and surgically treated cervical disc disease (see comments).
SOURCE	Injury 1993 Sep, VOL: 24 (8), P: 549-50, ISSN: 0020-1383.
CM	Comment in: Injury 1994 Aug; 25(6):409; discussion 410; Comment in: Injury 1994 Aug; 25(6):409-10.
ABSTRACT	The incidence of a previous whiplash injury in 215 unselected patients who underwent an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion between 1988 and 1991 was found to be twice that of a control population of 800 general orthopaedic outpatients (P < 0.05). The mean age at which the whiplash injury occurred in the surgical group was 37 years and in the control group 36 years. The mean age at operation of those patients with a previous whiplash injury (45 +/- 12 years) was significantly less than those patients without a previous whiplash injury (55 +/- 14 years, P < 0.001). This study provides further evidence that whiplash injury causes structural changes predisposing to premature degenerative disc disease. Author.
14. AUTHOR	Huber-A, Beran-H, Trenkler-J, Hager-A, Witzmann-A, Fischer-J.
INSTITUTION	Neurochirurgische Abteilung Wagner-Jauregg-Krankenhaus Linz.
TITLE	(Whiplash trauma of the cervical spine from the neurosurgical, traumatologic and psychologic viewpoint). TT Das Schleudertrauma der HWS aus neurochirurgischer, traumatologischer und psychologischer Sicht.
SOURCE	Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 1993 Mar, VOL: 36 (2), P: 51-5, ISSN: 0028-3819.
ABSTRACT	Since the early 50's, whiplash injury has been a subject of intensive study in order to find out the genesis of this disease. Unfortunately, most of the studies were planned retrospectively and were based on inhomogeneous groups of patients. In our prospective study, we tried to keep the patient group homogeneous. 62 patients were examined neurologically and radiologically immediately after the accident. Furthermore, they underwent a psychological test, the so- called Freiburg personality profile. 6 months later the patients were checked again. On the basis on our findings, the suspected psychological influence has to be confirmed. Preexisting degenerative lesions of the cervical spine, also, are undoubtedly prognostic for longer-lasting symptoms. Author.
15. AUTHOR	Bohnen-N, Jolles-J, Verhey-F-R.
INSTITUTION	Department of Neuropsychology and Psychobiology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
TITLE	Persistent neuropsychological deficits in cervical whiplash patients without direct headstrike.
SOURCE	Acta-Neurol-Belg 1993, VOL: 93 (1), P: 23-31, ISSN: 0300-9009.
ABSTRACT	Persistent cognitive and neurasthenic complaints can be the consequence of a cervical whiplash injury. In contrast to otoneurological and orthopedic reports, neuropsychological studies on whiplash patients are scarce. We report disturbances of information processing and memory functions in two patients with a pure cervical whiplash injury with demonstrated central otoneurological abnormalities, whereas there was no evidence of intellectual deterioration or focal cortical deficits. The results suggest that the cognitive disturbances and neurasthenic symptoms may be part of one syndrome which appears to manifest itself under conditions of time pressure and distraction. Author.
16. AUTHOR	Pressman-B-D, Shellock-F-G, Schames-J, Schames-M.
INSTITUTION	Department of Radiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
TITLE	MR imaging of temporomandibular joint abnormalities associated with cervical hyperextension/hyperflexion (whiplash) injuries.
SOURCE	J-Magn-Reson-Imaging 1992 Sep-Oct, VOL: 2 (5), P: 569-74, ISSN: 1053-1807.
ABSTRACT	Patients often have temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction-related symptoms after cervical hyperextension/hyperflexion injuries ("whiplash") caused by rear-end motor-vehicle collisions. To determine abnormalities of the TMJ associated with these injuries, 33 consecutive symptomatic patients (66 joints) with no direct trauma to the jaw, mouth, head, or face due to the accident and no prior history of TMJ dysfunction underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the images were retrospectively analyzed. Overall, 29 (88%) patients had some type of TMJ abnormality related to whiplash injury. Displacement of the disk was seen in 37 (56%) of the TMJs as follows: 21 (32%) had anterior displacement with reduction, nine (14%) had anterior displacement without reduction, six (9%) had lateral or medial displacement, and one (2%) had posterior displacement. On T2- weighted images, 43 (65%) TMJs had abnormal joint fluid or edema, predominantly affecting the joint capsule and/or lateral pterygoid muscles. The finding that many of the patients had joint fluid and/or soft-tissue edema indicates that T2-weighted images are especially useful for assessment of patients with a history of whiplash injury. Author.
17. AUTHOR	Oosterveld-W-J, Kortschot-H-W, Kingma-G-G, de-Jong-H-A, Saatci-M-R.
INSTITUTION	Academisch Medisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
TITLE	Electronystagmographic findings following cervical whiplash injuries.
SOURCE	Acta-Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1991, VOL: 111 (2), P: 201-5, ISSN: 0001-6489.
ABSTRACT	A group of 262 patients suffering from the after-effects of an acceleration trauma of the neck were subjected to an extensive vestibular examination. 85% of the patients complained of some type of vertigo. The visual suppression test conducted during rotation showed pathology in 37% of the cases. Visual pursuit movements were affected in 43% of the cases. In a group of 41 patients the results obtained respectively 1 and 2 years after the accident were compared. There was no significant improvement of the findings. No oculomotor system pathology was found in 99 cases (38%), and no electronystagmographic pathology at all in 55 cases (21%). The study emphasized the fact that nystagmographic examinations are able to detect central vestibular dysfunction and is therefore a suitable method to prove pathology. Author.
18. AUTHOR	Radanov-B-P, Valach-L, Wittlieb-Verpoort-E, Dvorak-J.
INSTITUTION	Psychiatrische Universitatspoliklinik, Bern.
TITLE	(Neuropsychological findings following whiplash injury of the cervical spine). TT Neuropsychologische Befunde nach Schleuderverletzung der Halswirbelsaule.
SOURCE	Schweiz-Med-Wochenschr 1990 May 12, VOL: 120 (19), P: 704-8, ISSN: 0036-7672.
ABSTRACT	58 patients with whiplash injury of the cervical spine underwent formal testing with respect to self-rated cognitive impairment and processing of visual and auditory information. The results indicated disturbances in divided attention for auditory information, particularly in patients with so-called cervicoencephalic syndrome. Impaired attentional control was assumed to be relevant to processes of the working memory. Author.
19. AUTHOR	Weinberg-S, Lapointe-H.
INSTITUTION	Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
TITLE	Cervical extension-flexion injury (whiplash) and internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.
SOURCE	J-Oral-Maxillofac-Surg 1987 Aug, VOL: 45 (8), P: 653-6, ISSN: 0278-2391.
ABSTRACT	Twenty-eight patients with post-whiplash temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms were assessed. Internal derangements were seen arthrographically in 22/25 patients. These observations were confirmed in the 10 patients who elected to have surgery. Author.

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