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BRAIN IMAGING

PRACTICE POINTS:

Individual or combined techniques for imaging of brain tissue can demonstrate subtle abnormalities of both structure and function (metabolism and regional blood-flow) following Traumatic Brain Injury

EVALUATING RESEARCH

PRACTICE POINTS:

Types of medical research study in order of increasing reliability

• case report
• case series
• case-control study
• cohort study
• meta-analysis

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PRACTICE POINTS:

Attribution of chronic symptoms usually requires review of pre-injury medical records

Causation of chronic diseases

• strong correlation/high relative risk
• dose-response relationship
• consistent finding
• biological plausibility
• temporal cogency
• control of confounding and bias
• specificity
• overal coherence

Beyond "crumbling skull": the injury may be a NON-ESSENTIAL factor which pushes above threshhold the probability that the chronic disease or symptoms will occur

The role of injury in the evolution of many overt or covert chronic diseases is speculative at best

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PRACTICE POINTS:

Injured bone and soft skeletal tissue heals fastest with early loading and movement rather than rest and immobility

Directed relaxation and regular exercise may significantly improve the work capacity of employees with musculosketal complaints

GLOSSARY: Click on the appropriate letter

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